How is bond strength calculated?

The calculation of bond strength is based on the relationship between the failure force and the area over which that force is applied. Specifically, bond strength is determined by the formula that involves dividing the failure force by the cap area.

In practical terms, when assessing how well a material adheres to a substrate, engineers and technicians will often measure the force required to separate the two materials (the failure force) and relate this to the area of the bond (the cap area). This relationship gives a measure of the strength of the bond, typically expressed in units such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa).

This method accurately captures how much force is needed to break the bond relative to the area of the bond itself, enabling comparisons and ensuring that materials meet required safety and performance standards. The other methods suggested do not logically represent the physical principles behind bond strength and hence do not yield meaningful results in the context of this measurement.